A hydrogen pipeline from Gulf countries to Europe might represent one of the most cost competitive options on the table amid targets to import 10 million tonnes of the fuel to Europe by 2030 as part of energy transition targets, experts said.

The oil major has still not suitably addressed gas flaring concerns in Rumaila, where an Iraqi man died of leukaemia, experts say.

An Iraqi boy who lived in close proximity to BP’s oil operations in Iraq featured in a 2022 BBC documentary. He died from leukemia on April 21 and his father confronted BP at its shareholder meeting.

Qatar is to supply LNG to Germany under a long-term deal which is already being criticised for doing little to address the current energy crisis while protracting the country’s dependence on gas despite decarbonisation goals.

The UAE, which was the first Middle Eastern country to announce a net zero emissions target by 2050 and will host the 2023 UN-led climate conference, sees itself at the forefront of the regional energy transition.

Saudi Aramco says it hopes to achieve net zero SCOPE-1 and SCOPE-2 greenhouse gas emissions across its fully owned operations by 2050, but warns that achieving this in less than three decades will not be easy.

Against a backdrop of declining crude production, the Omani government has partnered with BP to target the widespread exploitation of renewables and hydrogen.