The Trans-Saharan gas pipeline project connecting Nigerian and Algerian gas pipelines to Europe faces uncertainty due to political turmoil and sanctions following the Niger coup.

A hydrogen pipeline from Gulf countries to Europe might represent one of the most cost competitive options on the table amid targets to import 10 million tonnes of the fuel to Europe by 2030 as part of energy transition targets, experts said.

Debt negotiations resulted in the approval of the Mountain Valley Pipeline, an unusual move that shows a “failure of governance” and “a lack of integrity in the whole process,” according to critics.

Security experts question whether it is possible to protect every part of the energy sector’s critical infrastructure, following the explosions at the Nord Stream gas pipelines.